508-million-year-old Pompeii trilobite fossils show features never seen before

Trilobites dating back 508 million years have been found preserved in volcanic material, revealing never-before-seen detail in 3D form. Their fossilization was so rapid that small shells were preserved in place, and soft tissues including mouth parts and internal organs can still be seen.

The trilobites were buried in lava flows, the hot, dense material that erupts from volcanoes and sometimes reaches speeds as high as 200 meters (656 feet) In the second. Normally, it burns any life in its path, but this can change in a marine environment.

“The sea surface onto which the ash flowed would have been deadly hot, and would have burned animals at shallow depths,” says the study co-author. Dr. Greg Edgecombe “The ash must have mixed with seawater as it picked up and carried the trilobites that lived on the sea floor. This mixing through the seawater column must have cooled the ash sufficiently,” the archaeologist at London’s Natural History Museum told IFLScience.

These ancient wonders were collected in the Atlas of Morocco, and were given the name “Pompeii” trilobites due to their exquisite preservation in ash. They’re incredibly old, but they’re not the oldest trilobites ever found.

At about 508 million years old, they are younger than the oldest trilobites, which date back to about 521 million years ago. There are also older burrow-shaped trace fossils, called Rusophycus, which are believed to be the work of trilobites and are over 528 million years old.

However, whip snappers are still remarkable for the degree of preservation they exhibit.

“What makes our specimens unique, especially pristine ones, is the three-dimensional preservation of their appendages,” Edgecombe added. “The appendages have not been flattened, reoriented or broken. They have been preserved in orientations close to life. And because they are preserved in a vacuum in the rock matrix, “We can CT scan it to see it in 3D.”

“Appendages preserved in shale can preserve their bristles beautifully, but the fossils are so compressed that they are almost two-dimensional, and we have to use destructive sampling to mechanically drill out the upper parts of the appendages in order to see the lower parts. Our specimens are as perfect after study as they were.” before.”

These never-before-seen details mean we now see the trilobites closer to real life than we’ve ever seen them before, complete with a slit-like mouth and unique vertical feeding appendages. Is not she beautiful?

The study was published in the journal Sciences.